As lenders continue to tighten credit requirements, getting a good interest rate — or a loan at all — requires that you understand how the scoring system works.

In our post-crisis economy, good credit isn’t just nice to have — it’s essential if you want to level the playing field with lenders.

Credit scores are three-digit numbers lenders use to gauge your creditworthiness, and until the financial crisis hit, a 720 FICO credit score was enough to get the best loan terms. Even people with lower scores could get decent deals, and at the peak of the lending boom it seemed that no score was so low that it merited a rejection.
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These days, lenders typically demand 740 scores for the best mortgage rates. Lower scores mean higher rates or perhaps no loans at all. Fannie Mae, the giant mortgage-buying agency, recently lifted its minimum score requirement from 580 to 620.

People with top scores are still getting credit card and balance transfer offers. If their issuers raise their rates or lower their limits, they can move their business elsewhere. People with weaker scores, by contrast, are finding their access to credit slowly strangled. Issuers can push them around, and credit seekers have little recourse.

* Check mortgage rates near record lows

Less-than-stellar credit can hurt in other ways. After all, credit information is used by:

* Insurance companies to evaluate applicants and set premiums.
* Landlords to decide who gets apartments.
* Employers concerned about higher risk of theft from those with troubled finances.

Clearly, cultivating good credit scores is an essential 21st-century skill.